How to find files using Regex (Regular Expressions) in GNU/Linux and MacOs command line and do something.
I needed to find all the files that matched a regular expression. In this case
all the files that had either 300x200 or 400x220 and where either png or
jpg files.
You can do that pretty easily in BASH using find but the more file types and
conditions the longer the command.
For example the following would be used to find all PNG and JPG files in /tmp folder:
find /tmp -name '*.png' -or -name '*.jpg'
Enter regular expressions :)
Important : the
findcommand in macOS and in GNU/Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, etc..) are slightly different and not all syntax can be used between systems.
It’s a really useful magic but really hard to learn.
What is a regular expression?
A regular expression is a special text string for describing a search pattern. You can think of regular expressions as wildcards on steroids. You are probably familiar with wildcard notations such as
*.txtto find all text files in a file manager. The regex equivalent is.*\.txt. -regexbuddy
On Mac
find -E . -regex '.*\.(jpg|png)'
On Linux
find ./ -regextype posix-extended -regex '.*(jpg|png)$'
Find all the jpg and png files which have 300x200 or 400x220 in their
filenames.
On Mac
find -E . -regex '.*(300x200|400x220)\.(jpg|png)'
On Linux
find ./ -regextype posix-extended -regex '.*(300x200|400x220)\.(jpg|png)$'
Those commands will find all the files of the type something-300x200.jpg or somethingelse400x220.png
So now you see a pattern. You can use the same regular expression on macOS and
Linux (the part between ') if you change the syntax and add a $ at the
end in the case of Linux.
Here are some useful regular expression you may want to know.
Find all the png and jpg files with SAM somewhere in the filename
.*(SAM).*\.(jpg|png)
This would find, among others, the following files
result of running the find command with '. (SAM)..(jpg|png)'
On Mac
find -E . -regex '.*(SAM).*\.(jpg|png)'
On Linux
find ./ -regextype posix-extended -regex '.*(SAM).*\.(jpg|png)$'
Now let’s learn xargs
xargs is a command on Unix and most Unix-like operating systems used to build and execute commands from standard input. It converts input from standard input into arguments to a command. -Wikipedia
It’s great to be able to find all those files, but you should be able to do something with them once you have found them, right?
That’s where xargs comes in. Let’s say you would like to remove all the JPG
and PNG files that have SAM in the filename.
On Mac
find -E . -regex '.*(SAM).*\.(jpg|png)' | xargs rm
On Linux
find ./ -regextype posix-extended -regex '.*(SAM).*\.(jpg|png)$' | xargs rm
That was easy, right? And it’s really handy to be able to delete some files
from all folders. For example all the automatically-made thumbnails on Wordpress and other systems. Let’s say you have to clean a folder with several
sub-folders and only leave the original files. On a Mac you can do this (add
or remove other resolutions) and remove all the files with a resolution in
their name (for example something-AAAxBBB.jpg
find -E . -regex '.*(1024x576|278x380|506x380|1024x576|508x380|1024x681|550x366|550x309|350x220|380x380|768x768|285x380|768x1024|1024x1024|213x380|576x1024|550x367|253x380|681x1024|1024x768)\.(jpg|png)' | xargs rm
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